Edward J. Fox, PhD

This page is the central orientation tool for the Indian Health Financing Series. It shows how the papers connect — by layer, by theme, and by recommended reading path — so first-time visitors can quickly find the most useful entry point.

Indian Health Finance Research Map

Edward J. Fox, PhD · edfoxphd.com · A living map of how funding, policy, data, and people connect

CORE QUESTION
How is Indian health care financed, measured, and is it adequate?
LAYER 1 · FOUNDATIONS
Paper I — How We Count Matters (IHS-access vs Census vs enrollment denominators)
Paper I-B — IHCIA Reauthorization 1999–2000 (Tribal legislative capacity)
Paper II — CMS–IHS Tribal Data Improvement (TTAG & the path to the Data Match)
LAYER 2 · FINANCING MECHANISMS
Paper III — Effective FMAP Subsidy (100% FMAP as structural federal share)
“How Many Signatures?” — Federal, state, Tribal & facility pathways typology
Companion: IHS-OMB Rate and FMAP distinction
LAYER 3 · MAGNITUDE & TRENDS
Paper IV — CMS–IHS Data Match (~941k enrollees, ~$6.4–6.6B)
IV-A to IV-H — Coverage trends · ACA · Medicare · Duals · Leakage · Facilities · 2020 Census artifact
LAYER 4 · SYNTHESIS & EXTENSION
Paper V — Full-Funding Requirement (total need & funding gap estimates)
Synthesis Coda — Unified findings across the series
Papers VI–VIII — Urban Indian Health extension + Supplement I

KEY THROUGH-LINES · Denominators (I) → Data Match (IV) → Full Funding (V) · Data history (II) → Data Match · FMAP mechanics (III) → Duals (IV-H) & Urban (VII) · Coverage expansion without proportional delivery-system strengthening (IV-B, IV-E, Coda)

Static academic & historical repository · Not a source of current regulatory updates or clinical guidance · All papers open-access at edfoxphd.com/publications · Bibliography · Graduate course · Ask Dr. Fox (site AI) for paper-grounded answers

Download Printable Research Map (PDF)

Diagram of the Indian Health Finance Research Map, grouping papers into four layers: Foundations, Financing Mechanisms, Magnitude and Trends, and Synthesis and Extension
Papers Grouped by Layer (4)

Index by Theme

Population Measurement & Denominators
Paper I, IV-A, IV-F, V, VIII, Synthesis Coda

Data Systems & Tribal Data Governance
Paper II, IV (Data Match), TTAG history, Supplement on co-owned systems, Course Units III & VI

Medicaid Financing & 100% FMAP
Paper III, IV, IV-H, VII, “How Many Signatures?”, companion rate paper

Medicare & Dual Eligibility
Paper IV-C, IV-G, IV-H

Coverage Expansion, ACA & “Leakage”
Paper IV-B, IV-E, IV-A

Facility Capacity & Access
Paper IV-D

Full Funding / Adequacy
Paper V, Synthesis Coda

Urban Indian Health
Papers VI–VIII + Supplement I

Policy Pathways & Implementation
“How Many Signatures?”, Paper I-B, Paper III

Index by Jurisdiction / Level of Government

Federal
Most papers (especially I-B, II, III, IV, V, “How Many Signatures?”)

State Medicaid Agencies
Paper III (8-state analysis), IV-H (OR & WA case studies), “How Many Signatures?”, IV-B (expansion decisions)

Tribal / IHS / I/T/U
All core papers; strongest operational focus in III, IV-H, IV-D, course Operations track

Urban Indian Organizations
Papers VI–VIII

IHS Areas / Geographic Concentration
Paper IV (Data Match), IV-C, IV-D

Recommended Reading Paths

New to the topic

  1. Homepage → this Research Map
  2. Paper I (denominators)
  3. Paper IV (Data Match magnitude)
  4. Synthesis Coda
  5. “How Many Signatures?”

Policy / Sovereignty focus
I-B → II → III → “How Many Signatures?” → V → Coda

Data & Methods focus
I → II → IV + IV-A/F → Course Units III–IV

Operations / Tribal health director focus
III → IV-H → “How Many Signatures?” → IV-D → Course Operations track

Urban Indian focus
VI → VII → VIII + Supplement I (after reading I, III, IV)

Timeline Snapshot (High-Level)

  • Pre-1995 foundations → 1995–2000 Tribal data & IHCIA work
  • 2003–2023 TTAG / data improvement arc (Paper II)
  • 2010 ACA & coverage expansion analyses
  • 2023 CMS–IHS Data Match (Paper IV)
  • 2026 series synthesis & Urban extension