Data, reference material, and outside tools that support the Indian health financing research on this site. Start with what is published here; the external tools below pair well with it.
On This Site
Start Here · New — October 2026
Seven American Community Survey tabulations prepared for this site. Each includes key figures in plain text and a downloadable spreadsheet with every number traced to the Census export.
The 2020 Race Question Change
- Who Was Added to the AI/AN Count, 2019–2021 — IHS coverage, Hispanic origin, and nativity
- AI/AN Counts and IHS Coverage by State, 2019–2024
- Who Was Added, by Income, 2019 and 2024
Health Coverage
- Medicare, Medicaid, and IHS Coverage, 2024 — all eight combinations
- Income Relative to Poverty, by IHS Coverage, 2024 — Medicaid expansion and Marketplace income ranges
Veterans and Military Service
View all tables & download spreadsheets →Full Bibliography →
Every source cited across the Indian Health Financing Series and related papers.
Graphics →
Charts and infographics from the papers, each with its key figures.
Data Visualizations from NIHB, 2015–2022 →
Interactive Tableau charts produced for Tribal health policy work at the National Indian Health Board.
Using This Site for Grant Proposals →
Which papers, figures, and data sources fit each section of a proposal.
NIHB Reports: Coverage and Administrative Data
These external reports complement the papers, data tables, and historical materials on this site. They are linked here as source documents; their findings remain the work of the National Indian Health Board (NIHB) and the report authors.
2025 State Health Insurance Status Report ↗
ACS five-year estimates comparing 2013 and 2023 Medicaid, Medicare, and uninsured estimates nationally and by state, including age-specific and dual-coverage measures.
Method note: reports AI/AN respondents alone or in combination with other races, includes foreign-born respondents, and presents estimates without margins of error.
CMS–IHS Data Match Report, October 2025 ↗
State and national results for 2019–2023, matching IHS registrants with T-MSIS Medicaid beneficiary data.
Scope note: counts Medicaid enrollment among matched IHS registrants; the report does not include claims data or analyze health outcomes. It is not a Medicare data match.
2022 Medicaid Managed Care Report ↗
NIHB/CMS discussion of managed-care policies affecting Tribes and Indian Health Care Providers, including reimbursement, federal Indian protections, Tribal consultation, and Indian Managed Care Entities.
Tribal Health Data Symposium 2025 Report ↗
Tribal data sovereignty, barriers to data access, racial misclassification, data governance, workforce capacity, and recommendations for improving Tribal health data.
Summary of State Health Insurance Status Reports ↗
Executive summary of the 2022 ACS-based coverage report, including discussion of sampling error, the ACS Medicaid undercount, and age-adjustment issues.
These reports use different populations and methods. ACS estimates describe people who self-identify as AI/AN under the report’s stated definition; the CMS–IHS match counts Medicaid enrollment among matched IHS registrants. They should be compared as complementary sources, not treated as interchangeable measures. For historical context on earlier Tribal data work, see CRIHB and CMS Tribal Data Improvement, 2007–2014.
Choosing a Data Source
Use the source that matches the question. ACS estimates and administrative matching are complementary, but they do not measure the same population or outcome.
| Research question | Preferred source | What it can answer | Main caution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population size and demographic or socioeconomic characteristics | ACS | Population estimates, geography, age, income, poverty, and other survey measures. | Sampling error and changes in race reporting affect interpretation and comparability. |
| IHS registrants enrolled in Medicaid | CMS–IHS administrative match, when available | Matched Medicaid enrollment among IHS registrants for the covered period. | Not a count of all AI/AN people; not a measure of claims, health outcomes, or amounts paid. |
| Medicare coverage | ACS for population coverage estimates; Medicare administrative data for beneficiary analyses | Survey estimates or program enrollment measures, depending on the source. | The CMS–IHS Data Match is a Medicaid match, not a Medicare match. |
| Service use, diagnoses, or payments | Claims, encounter, or payment data suited to the question | Utilization and payments, depending on data completeness and scope. | Enrollment matching alone cannot answer these questions. |
| Tribal data access and governance | Tribal governance materials, agency documentation, and consultation | Governance principles, access barriers, and collaborative priorities. | Technical feasibility does not replace Tribal authority or consultation. |
Related site material: ACS Data Tables · AI Sandbox · CRIHB and CMS Tribal Data Improvement, 2007–2014 · CMS–IHS Data Match Project.
External Data Tools
Organizations and agencies whose data and tools were used for research on this site. Each opens in a new tab.
External Tool — IHME US Health Map (opens in a new tab)
An interactive, county-level map from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington). Explore life expectancy, 21 major causes of death, and risk factors — smoking, obesity, physical activity, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes — by year and sex, down to individual counties. Useful for pairing this site’s Indian health financing research with underlying county-level health-outcome data.
Open the Interactive Map →External Tool — CMS Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool (opens in a new tab)
An interactive map from the CMS Office of Minority Health showing county-level Medicare chronic-disease prevalence, spending, hospital and ED utilization, and mortality — broken out by race and ethnicity (including American Indian/Alaska Native) and by dual Medicare–Medicaid eligibility. A direct companion to this site’s Medicare and dual-eligibility papers (IV-C, IV-G, IV-H).
Open the MMD Tool →External Tool — Census Bureau: My Tribal Area (opens in a new tab)
An interactive tool from the U.S. Census Bureau giving quick access to American Community Survey statistics — population, jobs, housing, economy, and education — for each of the nation’s tribal areas and reservations. A useful companion to Paper I’s argument about population measurement and the right denominator for Indian health financing.
Open My Tribal Area →External Resource — KFF: Key Data on Health and Health Care for American Indian or Alaska Native People (opens in a new tab, Dec 2025)
A current, comprehensive KFF brief compiling AI/AN health, coverage, and outcome data from the American Community Survey, BRFSS, and CDC WONDER — including subgroup breakdowns where the data allow. A good national-picture companion to this site’s Medicaid-specific financing focus.
Read the KFF Brief →Access to Recent NIHB ACS and Data Match Reports (opens in a new tab)
The National Indian Health Board’s October 2025 CMS/IHS Data Match Report — state-by-state and national results matching IHS registrants against T-MSIS Medicaid enrollment data for 2019–2023. This is the primary source behind Paper IV and the IHS Access & Coverage sub-series on this site’s Publications page.
Read the NIHB Report →Reference Documents
Key Organizations in Indian Health Research (PDF) →
A guide to the national, regional, and federal organizations that produce Indian health data and research.
Turning Your Own Data into Health Management Information (Word) →
A practical guide for Tribal health programs on using the data they already collect. See also the Health Information Systems page.